When analyzing loads, a good question is: where do these loads originate? An excellent analysis starts with a study of load origin. As such, one should identify these sources:
Environment
The most common source of loads is the interaction of the structure with the natural environment. It varies on a lot of factors. For example:
- The self-weight of the building itself is already a load because of gravity.
- Weather and climate events, such as global winds, tropical depressions, snow, and earthquakes, cause wind, rain, snow, and seismic loads.
- Water flow causes loadings to structures. It includes hydrostatic pressure, ponding loads, and flood loads, to name a few.
- Foundation and retaining structures experience earth loads.
- Thermal effects from a heat source (such as the sun) cause buildings stress.
Usage
Other loads also come from how we use the building for its purpose. We can further subdivide this into pre-usage and during its operation.
Pre-Usage
Generated loads BEFORE the use of the building are one thing to consider.
An example of these is construction loads. Depending on the process, loads during this stage may govern the design.
During Operation
Loads generated while the building operates for its purpose are other sources one must consider. For example:
- Residences, houses, and building spaces experience additional loads from people using them.
- Bridges experience loads from vehicles that go along the structure's length.
- Some unique structures may require security from explosions.
Summary
Let's summarize:
An excellent structural load analysis starts with a thorough study of the origin of loads.
The most common source of loads is the interaction of the structure with the natural environment, which varies on many factors.
Other loads also come from how we use the building for its intended purpose. We can further subdivide this classification into two: pre-usage and during operation.
Generated loads BEFORE the use of the building are one thing to consider. An example would be construction loads.
Loads generated while the building operates for its purpose are other sources one must consider.
